Molecular Hydrogen

Molecular Hydrogen acts as a powerful antioxidant in biological systems both directly and indirectly. Directly by scavenging some Reactive Oxygen Species and indirectly by boosting our natural antioxidant system. Hydrogen alone consists only of one electron and one proton, but it is in its molecular form H2 that we see the amazing biological significance. Molecular Hydrogen is the smallest molecule in our universe and thus can diffuse passively throughout a body, reaching every part of every cell where larger antioxidants cannot. But that is only the beginning of the story. Research in humans and other animals that:

• Molecular Hydrogen manages oxidative stress^1,2,2–17.
• Molecular Hydrogen acts as an anti-inflammatory^{3,18–30,30–32}.
• Molecular Hydrogen decreases proinflammatory cytokines e.g.^22,33,34.
• Molecular Hydrogen modulates the action of the NF-kB transcription factor e.g.^34–37.
• Molecular Hydrogen can help combat cancers and help alleviate the undesirable side effects of common therapies ^38–61
• Molecular Hydrogen supplementation induces reactivation of exhausted immune cells ^38,39,62.
• Molecular Hydrogen can mitigate Diabetes type I and II ^63–70
• Molecular Hydrogen attenuate the damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion ^{1,2,5,8,11,15,36,71–119}
• Molecular Hydrogen shows positive action in models of mental disorder ^120–122 as well as human ¹²³ for review of the potential see ¹²⁴.

Research related to food production has shown that:

• Molecular Hydrogen-rich water improves the yield of barley and wheat by up to 16% ¹²⁵ to 31% (CSIRO studies).
• Molecular Hydrogen-rich water used on cherry tomatoes suppresses the need for fertiliser while improving the taste and the yield by 9.1% a yield superior to the one achieved with conventional compound fertiliser ¹²⁶.
• Molecular Hydrogen-rich water used on cherry tomatoes while using fertiliser improves taste and yield by 26% ¹²⁶.
• Molecular Hydrogen supplementation alleviate abiotic stress in plants ^127–131
• Molecular Hydrogen supplementation improves post-harvest freshness ^132–134
• Molecular hydrogen supplementation improves soil microbiota ^125,135,136.
• For review see ^137,138

It is likely that all these very diverse positive effects stem from an increased mitochondrial ATP production demonstrated by Gvozdjáková et al ¹³⁹ and the suppression of superoxide production at complex I of the mitochondria ¹⁴⁰. It is important to remember here that ATP is the main energy currency in biology and that it promotes protein folding while preventing the aggregation of misfolded protein ^141,142.

We believe that the biological relevance of Molecular Hydrogen represents the single most important technology on the planet today.

Reference:

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84.    Kawamura, T. et al. The effect of donor treatment with hydrogen on lung allograft function in rats. Surgery 150, 240-249 (2011). PMID:21801961; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2011.05.019

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86.    Lee, D. & Choi, J. I. Hydrogen-Rich Water Improves Cognitive Ability and Induces Antioxidative, Antiapoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in an Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mouse Model. Biomed Res Int 2021, 9956938 (2021). PMID:34746315; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9956938

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89.    Li, J. et al. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Brain Res 1486, 103-111 (2012). PMID:23010312; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.031

90.    Li, S. et al. Molecular hydrogen protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model via regulating HO-1 and Sirt1 expression. Sci Rep 8, 14019 (2018). PMID:30232347; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32411-4

91.    Liu, H., Hua, N., Xie, K., Zhao, T. & Yu, Y. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces cell death through inhibition of DNA oxidative stress and overactivation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 12, 2495-2502 (2015). PMID:25954991; http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3731

92.    Liu, R. et al. Lung inflation with hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase decreases lung graft injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 240, 1214-1222 (2015). PMID:25662956; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370214563895

93.    Liu, Y. et al. Hydrogen saline offers neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress in a focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model. Med Gas Res 1, 15 (2011). PMID:22146222; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2045-9912-1-15

94.    Liu, Y. et al. Protective effects of hydrogen enriched saline on liver ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release. BMC Gastroenterol 14, 12 (2014). PMID:24410860; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-14-12

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